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(a) Generalization without any development (fewer than 4 points of information) or
(b) a report or generalization with irrelevant information or (c) a writing sample that does not answer the question. |
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1
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Record (as in a lab notebook or a sportscast): What's happening? |
| 2 | Report: The writer gives an account of a particular series of events or thoughts or feelings (i.e., a narrative): What happened? |
| 3 | Generalized narrative or descriptive information (including descriptions of physical features, activities, and cognitive experiences): The writer is tied to particular events and places but is detecting a pattern of repetition in them and expresses this in general form: What seems to be happening? |
| 4 | Low-level analogic: The writer makes genuine generalizations (What happens?), but organization is loose, and relationships among generalizations are not perceived and/or not made explicit. Major points in the text might be shuffled without altering the meaning or effectiveness of the text. |
| 5 | Analogic: Generalizations are related hierarchically or logically by means of coherently presented classificatory utterances (e.g., thesis statement, topic sentences, and transitional expressions) – a highly wrought text. |
| The following categories, which characterize theoretical papers, display a clear interpretive element; the writer is obviously reflecting on the topic. These categories treat generalizations the way generalizations (points 3, 4, and 5 just noted) treat events. | |
| 6 | Speculative: The writer speculates about generalizations and open-endedly considers analogic possibilities. |
| 7 | Tautologic: Theory backed by logical argument – the writer entertains a hypothesis or premise and elaborates deductions from it. |